Assessment of intraoperative high frequency variability index as a predictor of postoperative pain after open liver or pancreatic surgery under combined general and epidural anesthesia: a prospective observational study
Authors' conclusion
The present study demonstrated that intraoperative HFVI/ANI may reflect postoperative pain levels to a limited extent, particularly when measured immediately before extubation, but lacks sufficient accuracy to be used as a standalone predictor of postoperative pain.
Study context
- Population
- Patients undergoing open liver or pancreatic surgery under combined GA and epidural anaesthesia
- Participants
- 52 patients
- Outcome
- Association of intraoperative HFVI/ANI (incl. immediately before extubation) with maximum postoperative pain at rest and postoperative morphine consumption
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Maximum postoperative pain at rest and morphine consumption vs intraoperative HFVI/ANI
- High frequency variability index (HFVI)/Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) immediately before extubation: limited but statistically significant association with postoperative pain at rest
- ROC analysis: no clinically useful predictive performance for pain NRS > 3 or > 7
- No association between HFVI/ANI at any time point and postoperative morphine consumption
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Assessment of intraoperative high frequency variability index as a predictor of postoperative pain after open liver or pancreatic surgery under combined general and epidural anesthesia: a prospective observational study. J Clin Monit Comput. Published 24 July 2025. doi:10.
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