Effect of neuromodulation for chronic pain on the autonomic nervous system: a systematic review
Authors' conclusion
There are indications that neuromodulation alters the ANS, supported by high or moderate confidence in the body of evidence, however, heterogeneity in ANS outcome measures drives towards inconclusive results.
Study context
- Population
- Chronic pain patients (one animal study)43 studies
- Comparison
- Neuromodulation and autonomic nervous system (ANS) parameters
- Outcome
- Effects of neuromodulation on the ANS
Methodological detailsOf Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias tool, prospectively registered protocol
- OHAT Risk of Bias tool
- Prospectively registered protocol
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
ANS parameters by neuromodulation type
- Studies evaluating spinal cord stimulation (SCS)
- 62.79%
- Studies evaluating deep brain stimulation (DBS)
- 18.6%
- Studies evaluating peripheral nerve stimulation
- 9.3%
- Studies evaluating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation
- 4.65%
- Studies evaluating vagus nerve stimulation
- 4.65%
Further pooled results
ANS outcome parameters used (18 parameters; cardiovascular most frequent)
- Heart rate variability (studies)
- 17
- Arterial BP (studies)
- 15
- Blood markers (studies)
- 6
- Tissue oxygenation/perfusion (studies)
- 5
- Multiunit postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity (studies)
- 4
Original publication
Effect of neuromodulation for chronic pain on the autonomic nervous system: a systematic review. BJA Open. Published 2 September 2024. doi:10.
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