Perioperative medicine & outcomes

Large language models in perioperative medicine—applications and future prospects: a narrative review

Can J AnaesthPublished Narrative review

Authors' conclusion

The integration of LLMs into perioperative medicine presents a significant opportunity to enhance patient care, clinical decision-making, and operational efficiency.

Study context

Population
Perioperative care (from surgical diagnosis to discharge postoperatively)
Outcome
Clinical applications of LLMs in perioperative medicine
Methodological detailsSearched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PubMed® for articles referencing large language models (LLMs) in perioperative care
  • Searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PubMed® for articles referencing LLMs in perioperative care

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

  • LLMs may improve efficiency and accuracy of health care delivery by extracting and summarizing clinical data, making recommendations and addressing patient queries
  • LLMs can be used for clinical decision-making support, surveillance tools, predictive modelling, and enhancement of medical research and education

Further findings

Challenges to clinical implementation

Managing hallucinations, ensuring data security, and mitigating inherent biases

Original publication

Large language models in perioperative medicine—applications and future prospects: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth. Published 9 June 2025. doi:10.1007/s12630-025-02980-w

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