Perioperative medicine & outcomes

Perioperative virtual reality and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a scoping review

Perioper Med (Lond)Published Scoping review

Authors' conclusion

VR shows promise in reducing perioperative anxiety, with potential implications for delirium prevention.

Study context

Population
Adult surgical patients
Participants
2,227 patients · 23 studies
Comparison
Virtual reality (VR) interventions in the perioperative period
Outcome
Perioperative anxiety, pain and delirium
Methodological detailsEmbase and PubMed searched, 2020 to 2025, Predominantly RCTs from various countries
  • Embase and PubMed searched, 2020 to 2025
  • Predominantly RCTs from various countries

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

  • No study directly evaluated VR's effect on delirium
  • Several studies showed VR's potential in reducing perioperative anxiety and pain, with mixed efficacy
  • VR interventions varied in content, technological sophistication, frequency and duration

Further findings

Quality assessment

Limitations due to unblinded designs

Original publication

Perioperative virtual reality and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a scoping review. Perioper Med (Lond). Published 25 March 2026. doi:10.1186/s13741-026-00671-8

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