Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
Time to bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and survival for witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors' conclusion
Compared with no bystander CPR, bystander CPR was associated with improved survival even when started at 8 to 9 min.
Study context
- Population
- Witnessed Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCAs), Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, 2013–2023
- Participants
- 194,807 witnessed OHCAs
- Exposure
- Bystander CPR initiated at 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10 + minutes vs no bystander CPR
- Outcome
- Survival to discharge
Methodological detailsregistry-based, multivariable hierarchical logistic regression
- Registry-based
- Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs no bystander CPROR for survival to discharge (95% CI)
Bystander CPR 0-1 min
1.78(1.73–1.84)
Bystander CPR 2-3 min
1.57(1.51–1.64)
Bystander CPR 4-5 min
1.23(1.17–1.30)
Bystander CPR 6-7 min
1.25(1.15–1.35)
Bystander CPR 8-9 min
1.13(1.03–1.25)
Bystander CPR ≥ 10 minno survival association seen at ≥ 10 min
0.80(0.74–0.86)
- Overall survival to discharge
- 15.3%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Favorable neurological survival (without severe neurological deficits)
- Overall favorable neurological survival
- 12.9%
- Similar pattern as for survival to discharge
Bystander CPR provision and initiation time
- Bystander CPR provided
- 48.4%
- Median initiation time, min (IQR 1-5)
- 2
Original publication
Time to bystander CPR and survival for witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. Published 25 February 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →