Virtual reality facilitated exercise improves pain perception: A crossover study
Authors' conclusion
The reduction in pain sensitivity indicates VR-facilitated exercise results in improved pain perception.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy volunteers recruited from Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford41 completed both interventions
- Comparison
- Virtual reality (VR)-facilitated exercise vs no VR or exercise during cold pressor test
Methodological detailsrandomised by hand dominance, single-centre, Data nested by participant in all analyses
- Randomised by hand dominance
- Single-centre
- Data nested by participant in all analyses
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Pain sensitivity (scored 0-10 every 30 s)
- Pain sensitivity reduced in the VR-facilitated exercise condition
- p < 0.0001
Further findings
Pain tolerance (duration participant could endure stimuli)
- No difference between conditions
Sympathetic activation (skin conductance response density (SCRD))
- Increase in sympathetic activity in both conditions; SCRD higher at all time points in the VR-facilitated exercise condition
Original publication
Virtual reality facilitated exercise improves pain perception: A crossover study. J Clin Anesth. Published 13 September 2023. doi:10.
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