Assessment of soluble PD-L1 in septic shock in relation to immunosuppressive phenotypes
Authors' conclusion
These findings highlight the potential of sPD-L1 as a clinically relevant biomarker in the context of sepsis immunopathology.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with septic shock, soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) measured (ELLA microfluidic platform) during the first week of ICU admission
- Participants
- 161 patients
- Exposure
- Septic shock vs Healthy controls
- Septic shockn = 161
- Outcome
- sPD-L1 on admission
- Follow-up
- Admission
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Severity scores (SOFA, SAPS II)
- No correlation between sPD-L1 and SOFA or SAPS II
Longitudinal sPD-L1 clusters (K-means)
- Cluster with consistently highest sPD-L1 associated with unfavorable outcomes
Correlation with mHLA-DR and lymphopenia
- sPD-L1 did not correlate with mHLA-DR expression or lymphopenia, overall or at any time point
High sPD-L1 plus low mHLA-DR (subgroup) · End of first week
- Identified a subgroup with particularly poor clinical outcomes
Original publication
Assessment of soluble PD-L1 in septic shock in relation to immunosuppressive phenotypes. Ann Intensive Care. Published 16 January 2026. doi:10.
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