Perioperative medicine & outcomes
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Association with Adverse Events After Major Noncardiac Surgery
Primary result · MACE incidence by CKM stageResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 2.26 95% CI 1.78–2.87Authors' conclusion
The newly defined CKM syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after non-cardiac surgery.
Study context
- Population
- Patients aged ≥45 years with increased cardiovascular risk undergoing noncardiac surgery60.8% male, mean age 72±8 years
- Participants
- 14,634 patients
- Comparison
- CKM syndrome stages 0 to 4b
- CKM 0n = 367
- CKM 1n = 367
- CKM 2n = 7,440
- CKM 3n = 953
- CKM 4an = 5,357
- CKM 4bn = 150
- Primary endpoint
- Composite of MACE
- Follow-up
- 30 days after surgery
Methodological detailsmultivariate logistic regression
- Multivariate logistic regression
Primary result
MACE incidence by CKM stage
Odds ratio
2.26
95% CI 1.78–2.87
Events by treatment group
CKM stage ≥3
OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.78–2.87)
As reported in the abstract
- Overall major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
- 308 patients (2.1%)
Secondary outcomes
All-cause mortality
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| CKM stage ≥3Multivariate logistic regression | 1.42 (1.13–1.78) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Non-MACE complications (Clavien-Dindo class ≥3)
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| CKM stage ≥3Multivariate logistic regression | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
- All-cause mortality — Overall deaths
- 335 patients (2.3%)
Original publication
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Association with Adverse Events After Major Noncardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg. Published 16 August 2024. doi:10.
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