Hemodynamics, fluids & transfusion

The dose-response relationship between norepinephrine dose and mean arterial pressure with and without general anaesthesia: A study in healthy volunteers

Eur J AnaesthesiolPublished Observational healthy volunteer study

Authors' conclusion

Linear models accurately described norepinephrine dose-response relationships in healthy volunteers in a simulated surgical environment, with a steeper slope observed during general anaesthesia.

Study context

Population
Healthy volunteers aged 18 to 70 years, tertiary university medical centre
Participants
36 volunteers
Exposure
Norepinephrine dose-MAP relationship awake vs under general anaesthesia
Outcome
Dose-response relationship between norepinephrine dose or plasma concentration and MAP
Methodological detailscrossover awake vs general anaesthesia, simulated surgical stimuli
  • Crossover awake vs general anaesthesia
  • Simulated surgical stimuli

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

Dose-MAP relationship (slope)

Slope increase

119 mmHg μg −1 kg min

95% CI 119–120P < 0.001

P for difference in slopes and intercepts

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decrease after induction

34 mmHg

95% CI −37 to −31

from 88 mmHg (95% CI: 85 to 91)

Awake

103

slope · 95% CI 81–124 · mmHg μg −1 kg min

Cumulative slope during anaesthesia approximately
222 mmHg μg −1 kg min

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Original publication

The dose-response relationship between norepinephrine dose and mean arterial pressure with and without general anaesthesia: A study in healthy volunteers. Eur J Anaesthesiol. Published 20 November 2025. doi:10.1097/eja.0000000000002312

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