Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
How to Measure First Responders’ Arrival Time in a Smartphone Alerting System? An observational study
Authors' conclusion
GPS-based tracking provides a reliable, objective measure of CFR arrival times.
Study context
- Population
- Activations of the Smartphone Alerting Systems (SAS) "Region of Lifesavers" for OHCA, Freiburg, Germany, 1/12/2023–30/11/2024
- Participants
- 1,498 alerts
- Exposure
- GPS100m vs GPS50m vs Manual confirmation
- Outcome
- Response time from system activation by the dispatch center to arrival indicator
Methodological detailsmethod comparison
- Method comparison
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Arrival time
GPS100m
04:21
median · IQR 02:58, 06:00 · min
GPS50m
04:40
median · IQR 03:19, 06:25 · min
Manual confirmation
05:50
median · IQR 04:03, 08:04 · min
- Significant differences between all methods
- P < 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Documentation of manual confirmation
- 69.2%
Agreement (Bland-Altman analysis)
- Smaller bias for GPS50m than for GPS100m, with comparable limits of agreement
Original publication
How to Measure First Responders’ Arrival Time in a Smartphone Alerting System? An observational study. Resuscitation. Published 25 September 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →