Incidence and Outcomes of Refractory Septic Shock per Consensus Clinical Criteria: A Multicohort Retrospective Study
Main finding · Incidence of refractory septic shock; hospital mortalityResult — go to the resultRisk-adjusted hospital mortality odds 4.87 95% CI 4.46–5.31Authors' conclusion
Clinical criteria for refractory septic shock were fulfilled in about one in five patients with septic shock and associated with substantially higher mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Adults (≥18 yr) meeting CDC Adult Sepsis Event and Sepsis-3 criteria for septic shock, large US health system, 2012–202435,914 assessed
- Participants
- 15,732 adults
- Exposure
- Septic shock meeting refractory septic shock criteria vs not
- Refractory septic shockn = 3,423
- Outcome
- Incidence of refractory septic shock (aim 1); hospital mortality with vs without refractory septic shock (aim 2)
Methodological detailsmulticohort, descriptive epidemiologic study (aim 1)
- Multicohort
- Descriptive epidemiologic study (aim 1)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incidence of refractory septic shock; hospital mortality
Risk-adjusted hospital mortality odds
4.87
95% CI 4.46–5.31
Events by group
Refractory septic shock
21.8%
3423
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Incidence and Outcomes of Refractory Septic Shock per Consensus Clinical Criteria: A Multicohort Retrospective Study. Crit Care Med. Published 4 June 2026. doi:10.
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