International Consensus on Airway Management Procedures for Distance Simulation: A Delphi Study
Authors' conclusion
This international Delphi study identified a prioritized set of airway management procedures suitable for distance simulation, including both high-frequency essential and low-frequency critical procedures.
Study context
- Population
- International airway experts
- Participants
- 46 experts · 20 countries
- Outcome
- Airway management procedures suitable for distance simulation reaching ≥ 70% agreement
Methodological detailsthree-round, international, Round 2 prioritisation by Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation Needs Assessment Formula (frequency, proportion of operators requiring competence, clinical impact, feasibility for distance simulation)
- Three-round
- International
- Round 2 prioritisation by Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation Needs Assessment Formula (frequency, proportion of operators requiring competence, clinical impact, feasibility for distance simulation)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Procedures reaching consensus · final round
Free-text responses consolidated into procedures
464 responses; 54 procedures
Procedures reaching ≥ 70% consensus in final round
22
Further findings
Correlation of rankings between Rounds 2 and 3
- Spearman's ρ
- 0.78
- Strongly correlated
Response rates across the three rounds
- Round 1
- 85%
- Round 2
- 89%
- Round 3
- 95%
Original publication
International Consensus on Airway Management Procedures for Distance Simulation: A Delphi Study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Published 28 July 2026. doi:10.
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