Longitudinal immune-inflammatory profiles and mortality in older adults with sepsis: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
In older adults, sepsis was associated with an adjusted circulating immune-inflammatory pattern characterized by lower cellular immune markers and higher cytokine levels. This separation was evident on ICU day 1 and remained observable among patients with available follow-up measurements.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥ 60 years: healthy controls, nonsevere infection and sepsis
- Participants
- 1,851 adults
- Exposure
- Sepsis vs nonsevere infection vs healthy controls; non-survivors vs survivors among sepsis
- Healthy controlsn = 524reference
- Nonsevere infectionn = 511
- Sepsisn = 816
- Outcome
- Immune-inflammatory profiles across the infection spectrum and their longitudinal association with in-hospital mortality
Methodological detailsmulticentre, observational
- Multicentre
- Observational
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Immune-inflammatory profile across the infection spectrum
- Sepsis: progressively lower circulating lymphocyte, T-cell, CD8+ T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell counts, with higher IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels
- Differences remained after adjustment for age, sex and major comorbidities
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Longitudinal profiles intensive care unit (ICU) day 1 to day 7, non-survivors vs survivors (sepsis)
- Non-survivors had consistently higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, IL-6 and IL-10 and lower lymphocyte, T-cell, CD8⁺ T-cell, NK-cell and C3 levels
- No time-by-outcome interaction remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction
- Among patients with available follow-up measurements
Day-1 biomarkers and in-hospital mortality (multivariable Cox) · ICU day 1
- Higher day-1 SOFA score and IL-10 associated with increased in-hospital mortality
- Higher NK-cell count associated with lower mortality
Original publication
Longitudinal immune-inflammatory profiles and mortality in older adults with sepsis: a multicentre prospective cohort study. J Intensive Care. Published 4 July 2026. doi:10.
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