Measuring signatures of host resistance, disease tolerance, and damage in human sepsis: a prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Biomarker signatures aligned with host resistance to infection, disease tolerance, and damage to the host, informed by expert consensus, were associated with clinical outcomes and sepsis subtype membership.
Study context
- Population
- Adults meeting Sepsis-3 criteria enrolled within 6 h of ED arrival (community-onset sepsis)
- Participants
- 444 adults
- Exposure
- Biomarker signatures of host resistance, disease tolerance and damage vs 90-day mortality and sepsis subtype
- Outcome
- 90-day mortality
- Follow-up
- 90 days
Methodological detailsprincipal component analysis signatures, multivariable logistic regression
- Principal component analysis signatures
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
90-day mortality by biomarker signature
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)P value
Damage to the host (greater)
1.70(1.38–2.11)
P < 0.001Host resistance (greater)
0.83(0.54–1.10)
P = 0.4Disease tolerance (greater)
0.83(0.68–1.01)
P = 0.06- Overall 90-day mortality
- 17%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Sepsis subtype membership
- Differences most pronounced for disease tolerance and damage signatures; δ-type higher damage and lower disease tolerance, α-type lower damage and higher disease tolerance
Original publication
Measuring signatures of host resistance, disease tolerance, and damage in human sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med. Published 7 April 2026. doi:10.
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