National Study of Milestone Evaluation Differences by Gender and Race in Anesthesiology Residency Training
Authors' conclusion
These findings highlight that comparable Milestones ratings at baseline, yet modest but cumulative differences over time may lead to meaningful differences at graduation, particularly in MK-1 for URiM residents.
Study context
- Population
- Anesthesiology residents graduating between 2017 and 2019, 141 programs141 programs
- Participants
- 4,997 residents
- Exposure
- Milestone ratings by gender and race
- Outcome
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestone ratings across 25 subcompetencies (baseline, growth trajectories, graduation)
Methodological detailsnational, three-level mixed-effects models
- National
- Three-level mixed-effects models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Milestone ratings
- No significant differences in baseline Milestone ratings by gender or race
- URiM residents: slower growth over time, significantly lower ratings across all subcompetencies at graduation
- Growth trajectories did not differ significantly between male and female residents
- Women: significantly lower ratings at graduation in 7 of 25 subcompetencies, mainly patient care (PC) and medical knowledge (MK)
- Largest differences in MK-1; smaller effect sizes for other subcompetencies, limited practical differences
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
National Study of Milestone Evaluation Differences by Gender and Race in Anesthesiology Residency Training. Anesth Analg. Published 3 February 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →