Neuroanesthesia & neurocritical care
Outcomes of combined carbazochrome sodium sulfonate plus tranexamic acid therapy versus tranexamic acid monotherapy in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study in Japan
Main finding · 28-day in-hospital mortalityResult — go to the resultRisk difference 0.1% 95% CI - 0.4 to 0.7%Authors' conclusion
Combined treatment with CSS and TXA was not associated with better clinical outcomes in terms of in-hospital mortality, consciousness at discharge, or length of hospital stay in hospitalized adult patients with TBI compared with TXA therapy alone.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥ 16 years with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received tranexamic acid (TXA) on the day of admission, Japan, July 2010–March 2022; chronic subdural hematoma, suspected TBI or severe extracranial trauma excluded
- Participants
- 150,026 adults
- Exposure
- Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) plus TXA vs TXA alone on the day of admission
- CSS plus TXAn = 132,814
- TXA-onlyn = 17,212reference
- Outcome
- 28-day in-hospital mortality
- Follow-up
- 28 days
Methodological detailspropensity-score overlap weighting, Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
- Propensity-score overlap weighting
- Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Risk difference
0.1%
95% CI - 0.4 to 0.7%
By group
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
7-day and overall in-hospital mortality, consciousness at discharge, LOS
- Comparable between the two groups
7-day mortality, unarousable patients (Japan Coma Scale 100-300) (subgroup)
- Significant reduction in the CSS plus TXA group
Original publication
Outcomes of combined carbazochrome sodium sulfonate plus tranexamic acid therapy versus tranexamic acid monotherapy in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study in Japan. J Intensive Care. Published 27 January 2026. doi:10.
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