Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
Recognition of esophageal intubation in Dutch prehospital emergency medical services using capnography analysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
While etCO2 values can appear numerically similar, the waveform morphology differs significantly.
Study context
- Population
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with unrecognized esophageal intubation after ground EMS airway management, Rotterdam Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS), January 2015 to November 2024OHCA with usable capnography
- Participants
- 14 patients
- Exposure
- Esophageal vs tracheal intubation capnography
- Outcome
- Maximal CO2
Methodological detailsHEMS database analysis, manual waveform annotation, 5830 cases with intubation prior or during HEMS deployment; 92 esophageal intubations identified
- HEMS database analysis
- Manual waveform annotation
- 5830 cases with intubation prior or during HEMS deployment; 92 esophageal intubations identified
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Recognition of esophageal intubation in Dutch prehospital emergency medical services using capnography analysis: a retrospective cohort study. Resuscitation. Published 16 January 2026. doi:10.
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