Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
Rescue-breathing versus chest compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-cardiac out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Thirty-day mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes were lower after RB-CPR than after CO-CPR for non-cardiac OHCA, particularly in pediatric patients.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with non-cardiac out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) receiving bystander CPR with documented chest compressions, All-Japan Utstein Registry, 2012–2023
- Participants
- 154,137 patients
- Exposure
- Bystander rescue-breathing CPR vs chest compression-only CPR
- RB-CPRn = 20,124
- Compression-only CPR (CO-CPR)n = 134,013reference
- Outcome
- Mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes
- Follow-up
- 30 days
Methodological detailsnationwide, registry-based, modified Poisson regression with robust variance, prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses
- Nationwide
- Registry-based
- Modified Poisson regression with robust variance
- Prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
RB-CPR vs CO-CPRAdjusted relative risk (95% CI)
30-day mortality
0.98(0.98–0.99)
30-day unfavorable neurological outcomes
0.99(0.99–0.99)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Both outcomes by age (subgroup)
- RB-CPR associated with lower risks of both outcomes in pediatric patients; no clear differences in adult or elderly patients
Both outcomes by arrest cause (subgroup)
- Associations strongest for pediatric patients and drowning-related arrests, modest in asphyxia
Original publication
Rescue-breathing versus chest compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-cardiac out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Resuscitation. Published 25 September 2026. doi:10.
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