Shifting Patterns in Anesthesia-Related Mortality: A Two-Decade National Study in the United States, 1999 to 2024
Authors' conclusion
Anesthesia-related mortality in the US remained stable until 2014 but has since risen significantly, disproportionately affecting males, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and residents of the Northeast US.
Study context
- Population
- All recorded US deaths 1999–2024 with anesthesia-related complications listed as contributing or underlying cause (CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database)
- Participants
- 16,371 anesthesia-related deaths
- Outcome
- AAMR per 100,000 population
- Follow-up
- 1999 to 2024
Methodological detailsnational database, joinpoint regression
- National database
- Joinpoint regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
AAMR in 1999
0.09
AAMR in 2024
0.45
Average annual percent change
5.89
95% CI 5.28–6.93; p < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Values |
|---|---|
| AAMR by sex | Males 0.28 · Females 0.13 |
| AAMR by race/ethnicity | Non-Hispanic Black 1.19 |
AAMR by sex
- Mortality consistently higher among males
AAMR by race/ethnicity
- Mortality consistently higher among non-Hispanic Black individuals
AAMR by region and urbanization
- Northeast region and District of Columbia had the highest rates
- Metropolitan areas had higher age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) than nonmetropolitan areas
Place of death · 2024
- More anesthesia-related deaths occurred at home than in hospitals
Parts of this Brief are withheld: the automatic checks could not confirm them against the abstract.
Original publication
Shifting Patterns in Anesthesia-Related Mortality: A Two-Decade National Study in the United States, 1999 to 2024. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Published 7 August 2026. doi:10.
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