Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
Trends in presumed drug overdose out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in San Francisco, 2015–2023
Authors' conclusion
Drug-related OHCA is an increasingly common etiology of OHCA. In 2023, one in six OHCA was presumed to be drug related. Among participants less than 60 years old, one in three OHCA was presumed to be drug related.
Study context
- Population
- Of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with resuscitation attempted by emergency medical services (EMS) in San Francisco, California, 2015–2023
- Participants
- 5,044 OHCA resuscitations
- Exposure
- Trend in presumed drug-related OHCA by year of arrest, 2015–2023
- Outcome
- Drug-related OHCA (EMS impression of OHCA caused by presumed or known overdose of medication(s) or drug(s))
Methodological detailsMedian age 65 (IQR 50-79); 3508 (69.6%) male, Average 561 OHCA resuscitations per year
- Median age 65 (IQR 50-79); 3508 (69.6%) male
- Average 561 OHCA resuscitations per year
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Presumed drug-related OHCA
- Overall prevalence, 2015–2023 (446/5044)
- 8.8%
- Prevalence in 2015
- 1%
- Prevalence in 2023
- 17.6%
- Trend in prevalence (significant yearly increase)
- p-value for trend = 0.0001
- Adjusted yearly increase, 2015–2023
- 30%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Trends in presumed drug overdose out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in San Francisco, 2015–2023. Resuscitation. Published 6 March 2024. doi:10.
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