Abnormal serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, and zinc in intensive care unit (ICU) patients—Characteristics, management, and outcomes: The WhyTrace cohort study
Authors' conclusion
In this multicenter cohort study of acutely admitted ICU patients, most experienced low serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, or zinc during ICU stay, many received supplementation, and experiencing both low and high serum levels during ICU stay was not uncommon.
Study context
- Population
- Adults acutely admitted to 10 general ICUs in Denmark, October 2011–January 2018, with serum magnesium, phosphate or zinc measuredof 36,514 in dataset
- Participants
- 16,517 participants
- Outcome
- Cumulative probability of hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia and hypozincemia
- Follow-up
- 28 days
Methodological details10 general ICUs, joint models with death as competing outcome
- 10 general ICUs
- Joint models with death as competing outcome
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Cumulative probability of low serum levels
Hypomagnesemia
64%
95% CI 62–66
Hypophosphatemia
74%
95% CI 72–75
Hypozincemia
98%
95% CI 98–98
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Supplementation
- Magnesium, 3554 of 13,506
- 26%
- Phosphate, 2115 of 14,148
- 15%
- Zinc, 4465 of 9869
- 45%
High serum levels during ICU stay
- Hypermagnesemia
- 38%
- Hyperphosphatemia
- 58%
- Hyperzincemia
- 1%
Associations with time to successful extubation and mortality
- Low magnesium, phosphate and zinc associated with shorter time to successful extubation; high magnesium and phosphate and low zinc with competing risk of increased mortality; inconclusive due to too few serum measurements
Original publication
Abnormal serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, and zinc in ICU patients—Characteristics, management, and outcomes: The WhyTrace cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Published 20 April 2023. doi:10.
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