Perioperative medicine & outcomes
Are patient factors associated with adverse perioperative outcomes in GLP-1 receptor agonist users? A retrospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
GLP-1RA users generally had more favorable outcomes, but females, Hispanics, and patients with select comorbidities had increased risks.
Study context
- Population
- Adults undergoing GA, 2015 to 2025, TriNetX databaseeligible
- Participants
- 2,928,513 adults
- Exposure
- GLP-1RA users vs matched non-GLP-1RA controls, by patient factors
- GLP-1RA usersn = 32,261
- Non-GLP-1RA controlsn = 2,896,252reference
- Outcome
- Adverse perioperative outcomes by patient factors (respiratory complications to 7 days post-operation)
- Follow-up
- Operation to POD 3
Methodological detailsmatched, nationwide deidentified database (TriNetX)
- Matched
- Nationwide deidentified database (TriNetX)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adverse outcomes in GLP-1RA users by patient factor (subgroup)
- Pneumonitis risk heightened only in users with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and HF
- Female users had more N/V but less hyperglycemia, hypoxemia and arrhythmia
- Hispanic users had worsened hemodynamic outcomes
- GLP-1RAs demonstrated protective associations in patients with COPD or asthma
- Matched cohort
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Mortality, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and neurologic adverse outcomes, all users
- GLP-1RA users associated with reduced mortality, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and neurologic adverse outcomes
Safety
Nausea and vomiting (N/V)
- GLP-1RA users associated with increased N/V
Original publication
Are patient factors associated with adverse perioperative outcomes in GLP-1 receptor agonist users? A retrospective cohort study. J Clin Anesth. Published 26 March 2026. doi:10.
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