Anaesthetic drugs & techniques

Association of esketamine exposure with secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort analysis of 20,000 ICU cases

J Intensive CarePublished Retrospective cohort study

Main finding · Esketamine exposure and SSC-CIPResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 1.021 per gram

Authors' conclusion

Esketamine exposure was associated with SSC-CIP in a dose-dependent manner

Study context

Population
ICU patients admitted January 2014–February 2022 at a tertiary university hospital532 with severe cholestasis
Participants
20,973 patients
Exposure
Esketamine exposure vs no exposure
Outcome
SSC-CIP (secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients)
Methodological detailssingle-centre, tertiary university hospital, multivariate logistic regression
  • Single-centre
  • Tertiary university hospital
  • Multivariate logistic regression

Main finding

Esketamine exposure and SSC-CIP

Odds ratio

1.021 per gram

By group

As reported in the abstract

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Further findings

Other independent predictors of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP) (multivariate)

Estimate
ICU durationOR 1.031 per day
COVID-19OR 20.6

SSC-CIP incidence

Confirmed SSC-CIP
0.11%
Clinical profile compatible with undiagnosed SSC-CIP
0.20%
Incidence among COVID-19 ICU patients
3.24%

Original publication

Association of esketamine exposure with secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort analysis of 20,000 ICU cases. J Intensive Care. Published 8 July 2026. doi:10.1186/s40560-026-00906-2

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