Comparing the effect of low-dose ketamine and pressure vibration mechanical device with placebo in preventing pain on propofol injection in a patient undergoing elective surgery: a double-blind, randomized control study
Authors' conclusion
The pressure vibration mechanical device significantly reduced the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain compared with placebo and was at least as effective as low-dose ketamine.
Study context
- Population
- Adults undergoing elective surgery receiving propofol 2 mg/kg275 analysed
- Participants
- 300 adults
- Comparison
- Pressure vibration device or low-dose ketamine vs saline placebo before propofol injection
- Group Vn = 92
- Group Kn = 91
- Group Pn = 92reference
- Primary endpoint
- Pain on propofol injection (McCrirrick and Hunter verbal rating score)
Methodological detailsdouble-blind, placebo-controlled
- Double-blind
- Placebo-controlled
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
No pain on propofol injection
P = 0.001
Further findings
Recall of injection pain · 1 week — Placebo vs Ketamine · overall comparison across all groups
P < 0.001
| Outcome | Placebo | Ketamine | Vibration | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe pain on propofol injectionPlacebo vs Ketamine · overall comparison across all groups | 18.5% (95% CI 10.5%–26.4%) | 5.5% (95% CI 0.8%–10.2%) | 4.3% (95% CI 0.2%–8.5%) | P = 0.001 |
Safety
Haemodynamic variables and adverse events
- Comparable across groups
Original publication
Comparing the effect of low-dose ketamine and pressure vibration mechanical device with placebo in preventing pain on propofol injection in a patient undergoing elective surgery: a double-blind, randomized control study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Published 27 January 2026. doi:10.
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