Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
Decline in rescue breathing and its impact on outcomes in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning: a nationwide study, 2012–2023
Main findingResult — go to the resultAdjusted relative risk 1.38 95% CI 1.14–1.67Authors' conclusion
In pediatric drowning OHCA, CO-CPR was associated with worse survival and neurological outcomes than RB-CPR.
Study context
- Population
- Pediatric (≤17 years) out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to drowning with lay bystander CPR, All-Japan Utstein Registry 2012–2023
- Participants
- 740 eligible patients
- Exposure
- Compression-only CPR (CO-CPR) vs rescue-breathing CPR (RB-CPR) by lay bystanders
- Outcome
- Mortality
- Follow-up
- 30 days
Methodological detailsmultivariable Poisson regression
- Multivariable Poisson regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted relative risk
1.38
95% CI 1.14–1.67
CO-CPR vs RB-CPR
aRR 1.38 (95% CI 1.14–1.67)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
Use of RB-CPR
Prehospital absence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); 30-day unfavorable neurological survival (CPC 3-5)
- Higher prehospital absence of ROSC and worse neurological outcomes with CO-CPR vs RB-CPR
Unwitnessed arrests (subgroup)
- Adverse association of CO-CPR most pronounced in unwitnessed arrests
Use of RB-CPR
- Proportion of RB-CPR declined over the study period
Original publication
Decline in rescue breathing and its impact on outcomes in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning: a nationwide study, 2012–2023. Resuscitation. Published 10 March 2026. doi:10.
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