Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study
Authors' conclusion
HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital.
Study context
- Population
- Adults (≥ 18 years) with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI)) treated in intensive care units (ICUs), June 2019–February 2021
- Participants
- 2,600 adults · 333 ICUs · 52 countries
- Outcome
- Epidemiology and outcomes of HA-BSI
Methodological detailsmulticentre
- Multicentre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- ICU-acquired HA-BSI
- 78%
- Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at HA-BSI diagnosis
- 8 [IQR 5; 11]
- Source: pneumonia
- 26.7%
- Source: intravascular catheters
- 26.4%
- Gram-negative bacteria
- 59.0%
- Klebsiella spp.
- 27.9%
- Acinetobacter spp.
- 20.3%
- Escherichia coli
- 15.8%
- Pseudomonas spp.
- 14.3%
- Carbapenem resistance: Klebsiella spp.
- 37.8%
- Carbapenem resistance: Acinetobacter spp.
- 84.6%
- Carbapenem resistance: Escherichia coli
- 7.4%
- Carbapenem resistance: Pseudomonas spp.
- 33.2%
- Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR)
- 23.5%
- Pan-drug resistance
- 1.5%
- Adequate antimicrobial therapy within 24 h
- 51.5%
- Source control needed
- 52.5%
- Source control not achieved
- 18.2%
- Mortality
- 37.1%
- Discharged alive from hospital by day-28
- 16.1%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study. Intensive Care Med. Published 10 February 2023. doi:10.
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