Incidence of and risk factors for new pain diagnoses after cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study using the Premier Healthcare Database (2016–2020)
Authors' conclusion
In this national cohort, 2.3% of patients had new pain diagnoses 3-12 months after cesarean delivery.
Study context
- Population
- Patients aged 12–55 years undergoing cesarean delivery 2016–2020 in the Premier Healthcare Database, without pre-existing chronic pain or opioid use disorder
- Participants
- 668,898 patients
- Outcome
- New pain diagnoses at a subsequent encounter (new ICD-10 pain codes)
- Follow-up
- 3-12 months after cesarean delivery
Methodological detailsnational administrative database, multivariable logistic regression with robust variance estimators
- National administrative database
- Multivariable logistic regression with robust variance estimators
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incidence of new pain diagnoses · 3-12 months
Patients with new pain diagnoses after cesarean delivery, n
15,536 (2.3%) (%; 95% CI 2.29-2.36%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Risk factors for new pain diagnoses (multivariable)GA vs Neuraxial | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Risk factors for new pain diagnoses (multivariable)
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pre-existing substance use disorder | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | |
| Anxiety | 1.27 (1.19–1.37) | |
| Depression | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) | |
| Black race | 1.28 (1.22–1.34) | |
| Preterm delivery | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) | |
| BMI ≥40 kg/m² | 1.35 (1.28–1.45) | |
| Blood transfusion <4 units | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | |
| Blood transfusion ≥4 units | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Incidence of and risk factors for new pain diagnoses after cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study using the Premier Healthcare Database (2016–2020). Int J Obstet Anesth. Published 25 June 2026. doi:10.
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