Longitudinal analysis of lung microbiome, immune response, and metabolism in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Mechanical ventilation was associated with temporal changes in lung microbiome composition independent of VAP development. VAP cases exhibited higher TNF-α levels and metabolic profiles indicative of anaerobic adaptation, while IL-1β elevations were primarily linked to mechanical ventilation rather than infection.
Study context
- Population
- Patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for at least 48 h due to non-infectious respiratory failure
- Participants
- 80 patients
- Exposure
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) vs non-VAP
- VAPn = 41
- Outcome
- Lung microbiome composition, inflammatory response and metabolic profiles predisposing to VAP (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) DNA sequencing, cytokines, metabolomics)
- Follow-up
- Baseline and at VAP diagnosis or after 72 h for non-VAP
Methodological detailslongitudinal
- Longitudinal
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
VAP
51%
41
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Longitudinal analysis of lung microbiome, immune response, and metabolism in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study. Crit Care. Published 3 July 2025. doi:10.
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