ICU sedation, delirium & recovery
Modifiable Risk Factors of Prolonged Grief Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Symptom States After ICU Loss
Authors' conclusion
Higher-burden symptom states reflect both unmodifiable vulnerabilities and potentially modifiable peri- and post-loss factors, including interpersonal and death-related circumstances.
Study context
- Population
- Family members bereaved by ICU death, 2 Taiwanese medical ICUs, followed over 2 bereavement years
- Participants
- 291 family members
- Exposure
- Factors associated with symptom states
- Outcome
- States of PGD, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety symptoms and factors associated with them
- Follow-up
- 2 bereavement years
Methodological detailsmulticentre
- Multicentre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Factors associated with higher-burden symptom states
- Higher-burden states associated with lower education, financial hardship, mixed perceived social support, spousal loss, death of a female-cancer patient, shorter time since death, receipt of palliative care, and suboptimal end-of-life indicators (no social worker involvement or do-not-resuscitate order, family presence at death, less than high quality of dying and death (QODD))
- Do-not-resuscitate orders and social worker involvement linked to lower odds of the co-occurring state; palliative care and family presence at death associated with increased odds
- vs high QODD, moderate QODD associated with all higher-burden states; poor-to-uncertain or worst QODD associated with subthreshold prolonged grief disorder (PGD)-depression and co-occurring states
- Multinomial logistic regression; resilient state as reference
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Modifiable Risk Factors of Prolonged Grief Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Symptom States After ICU Loss. Crit Care Med. Published 22 May 2026. doi:10.
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