Pain management after elective craniotomy: A systematic review with procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) recommendations

Analgesic regimen should include paracetamol, NSAIDs, IV dexmedetomidine infusion and a regional analgesic technique (incision-site infiltration or scalp nerve block), with opioids as rescue analgesics

Limited evidence: flupirtine, intra-operative magnesium sulphate infusion, intra-operative lidocaine infusion, infiltration adjuvants (hyaluronidase, dexamethasone, α-adrenergic agonist added to local anaesthetic)

No evidence: metamizole, postoperative SC sumatriptan, pre-operative oral vitamin D, bilateral maxillary block, superficial cervical plexus block