Plasma exchange for severe alveolar hemorrhage in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: emulation of a target trial
Authors' conclusion
In this emulated target trial, PLEX did not reduce 30-day mortality in patients with severe AAV-related DAH.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with severe ANCA-associated vasculitis-related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage admitted to intensive care unit (ICU)
- Participants
- 184 patients
- Exposure
- Plasma exchange (PLEX) vs no PLEX
- PLEXn = 144
- no-PLEXn = 40reference
- Outcome
- Mortality after ICU admission
- Follow-up
- 30 days
Methodological detailsnational multicentre cohort, Cox model adjusted for prespecified confounders
- National multicentre cohort
- Cox model adjusted for prespecified confounders
Main finding
30-day survival
HR for mortality
1.23
95% CI 0.57–3.89
By group
PLEX vs no-PLEX
HR for mortality 1.23 (95% CI 0.57–3.89)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
- Similar between groups
Original publication
Plasma exchange for severe alveolar hemorrhage in ANCA-associated vasculitis: emulation of a target trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Published 23 January 2026. doi:10.
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