Respiratory failure & ventilation

Quantifying hospital environmental ventilation using carbon dioxide monitoring – a multicentre study

AnaesthesiaPublished Prospective observational study

Authors' conclusion

We conclude that staff break, office and clinical areas on acute medical and respiratory wards frequently had inadequate ventilation, potentially increasing the risks of airborne pathogen transmission to staff and patients. Conversely, ventilation was consistently high in the ICU and operating theatre clinical environments.

Study context

Population
Acute medical and respiratory wards, ICUs and operating theatres across two hospitals in ScotlandCO2 measurements, 32 areas
Participants
127,680 participants
Exposure
Non-clinical vs clinical hospital areas
Outcome
Proportion of time carbon dioxide levels breached the 800 ppm threshold
Methodological detailstwo-phased, multicentre, Measurements November–December 2022, Method validated under controlled conditions with non-dispersive infrared CO2 monitors
  • Two-phased
  • Multicentre
  • Measurements November–December 2022
  • Method validated under controlled conditions with non-dispersive infrared CO2 monitors

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

Time with carbon dioxide >800 ppm · 8 weeks

P < 0.001

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Further findings

OutcomeValuesP value
Time with carbon dioxide >800 ppm, non-clinical areas (subgroup)ICUs and wards vs Operating theatresICUs and wards 20% · Operating theatres 1%P < 0.001
Time with carbon dioxide >800 ppm, clinical areas (subgroup)Wards vs ICUs and operating theatresWards 16% · ICUs and operating theatres 0%P < 0.001

Original publication

Quantifying hospital environmental ventilation using carbon dioxide monitoring – a multicentre study. Anaesthesia. Published 7 December 2023. doi:10.1111/anae.16124

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