Cardiac arrest & resuscitation
Sex differences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes are driven by arrest circumstances rather than different Emergency Medical Services (EMS) treatment: a nationwide registry study from Norway 2015 to 2024
Authors' conclusion
We found differences in baseline characteristics and treatment performed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) between women and men, as well as differences in survived event and survival to 30 days. Differences in EMS treatment did not seem to be related to the patient's sex. We did, however, find sex differences in survived event and survival to 30 days unexplained by our included variables.
Study context
- Population
- EMS-treated OHCA, Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry (NorCAR), 2015–2024women 32%
- Participants
- 27,621 participants
- Exposure
- Women vs men
- Outcome
- Survived event and survival to 30 days (multivariable regression)
Methodological detailsnationwide registry, 10-year
- Nationwide registry
- 10-year
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Survived event and survival to 30 days
- Adjusted for known covariates: higher OR of survived event for women
- Adjusted for known covariates: survival to 30 days lower for women
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Baseline characteristics
- Women had arrest at different locations than men and significantly lower rates of initial shockable rhythm
EMS treatment
- Differences in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration, use of advanced airway and use of adrenalin
Bystander CPR
- Higher rates of bystander CPR for women vs men
Original publication
Sex differences in OHCA outcomes are driven by arrest circumstances rather than different EMS treatment: a nationwide registry study from Norway 2015 to 2024. Resuscitation. Published 26 June 2026. doi:10.
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