Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Evaluating New Fever in Adult Patients in the ICU

Use central temperature monitoring (thermistors for pulmonary artery catheters, bladder catheters or esophageal balloon thermistors) when these devices are in place or accurate temperature measurement is critical for diagnosis and management.

Without these devices, use oral or rectal temperatures over less reliable methods (axillary or tympanic membrane, noninvasive temporal artery, chemical dot thermometers).

Imaging studies including ultrasonography, in addition to microbiological evaluation using rapid diagnostic testing strategies.

Biomarkers to assist in guiding discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy.