High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C and Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Severe Burn Injury: The VICTORY Randomized Clinical Trial
Primary result · Crossing the prespecified futility/harm thresholdResult — go to the resultAdjusted relative risk 1.28 95% CI 0.99–1.65- stopped early after first prespecified interim analysis for futility/harm
Authors' conclusion
Among patients with severe burn injury, high-dose intravenous vitamin C did not reduce 28-day mortality and persistent organ dysfunction and is possibly harmful.
Study context
- Population
- Adults (≥18 years) with deep second- and/or third-degree burns ≥20% of total body surface area requiring skin graftingenrolled
- Participants
- 238 adults
- Comparison
- High-dose IV vitamin C vs placebo
- Vitamin Cn = 120
- Placebon = 118reference
- Primary endpoint
- Composite of:
- Mortality
- Persistent organ dysfunction (dependence on mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, or vasopressor/inotrope support at day 28)
- Follow-up
- 28 days
Methodological detailsdouble-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3, multicentre (24 burn centers), 24 burn centers in North, Central, and South America; Europe; and Asia, Enrolled August 18, 2020, to September 12, 2025; final follow-up March 2026
- Double-blind
- Placebo-controlled
- Phase 3
- Multicentre (24 burn centers)
- 24 burn centers in North, Central, and South America; Europe; and Asia
- Enrolled August 18, 2020, to September 12, 2025; final follow-up March 2026
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Crossing the prespecified futility/harm threshold
Adjusted relative risk
1.28
95% CI 0.99–1.65
P = 0.06
Events by treatment group
Vitamin C vs Placebo
adjusted RR 1.28 (95% CI 0.99–1.65); P = 0.06
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | Vitamin C | Placebo | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28-day mortality | 15.0% | 7.6% | 1.96 (1.32–2.90) | P = 0.001 | |
| Hospital mortality | 23.3% | 16.1% | 1.44 (1.03–2.00) | P = 0.03 | |
| 0.20.5125Adjusted relative risk (log scale) |
Time to discharge alive from hospital within 90 days (main secondary outcome)
- Not improved; adjusted subdistribution HR
- 0.85
- 95% CI
- 0.62-1.16
- P
- P = 0.31
Original publication
High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C and Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Severe Burn Injury: The VICTORY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. Published 15 September 2026. doi:10.
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