Cardiothoracic & vascular anesthesia
Associations Between Pulmonary Artery Catheter Use and Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery: An Entropy-Balanced Cohort Study
Main finding · 90-day mortalityResult — go to the resultRelative risk 0.966 95% CI 0.719–1.30Authors' conclusion
In a large entropy-balanced cohort study of adults undergoing cardiac surgery, pulmonary artery catheter use was not associated with mortality, but was linked with a higher treatment intensity and longer ICU stay.
Study context
- Population
- Consecutive adults undergoing cardiac surgery, single tertiary centre in Boston, Massachusetts, 2008–2022
- Participants
- 10,044 adults
- Exposure
- Pulmonary artery catheter use vs no pulmonary artery catheter
- Pulmonary artery cathetern = 5,850
- Outcome
- Mortality
- Follow-up
- 90 days after surgery
Methodological detailsentropy-balanced, single-centre
- Entropy-balanced
- Single-centre
Main finding
90-day mortality · 90 days
Relative risk
0.966
95% CI 0.719–1.30
P = 0.816
Pulmonary artery catheter vs No pulmonary artery catheter
RR 0.966 (95% CI 0.719–1.30); P = 0.816
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | RR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital mortality | 0.921 (0.632–1.34) | P = 0.670 | |
| Acute kidney injury | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) | P < 0.001 | |
| Prolonged inotrope requirement (>4 hours) | 4.13 (3.42–4.98) | P < 0.001 | |
| Significant vasopressor requirement (>0.1 μg/kg/min norepinephrine equivalents) | 1.37 (1.28–1.46) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.20.5125Relative risk (log scale) |
| Outcome | Median difference (days) (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital LOS | 0.050 (0.0477–0.148) | P = 0.269 | |
| −0.100.10.2Difference, days (linear scale) |
| Outcome | MD (hours) (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICU LOS | 13.1 (9.74–16.4) | P < 0.001 | |
| Time in postoperative organ dysfunction · 7 days | 3.96 (3.01–4.90) | P < 0.001 | |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation | 11.3 (7.33–15.2) | P < 0.001 | |
| −1001020Difference, hours (linear scale) |
| Outcome | MD (mL) (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive fluid balance · 24 hours | 566 (453–678) | P < 0.001 | |
| Volume of allogeneic RBCs transfused | 226 (183–269) | P < 0.001 | |
| −50005001000Difference, mL (linear scale) |
Original publication
Associations Between Pulmonary Artery Catheter Use and Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery: An Entropy-Balanced Cohort Study. Anesth Analg. Published 24 June 2026. doi:10.
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