Cardiothoracic & vascular anesthesia
Incidence and Associated Patient Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Transesophageal Echocardiography in Transcatheter Structural Heart Interventions and Cardiac Surgery: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study
Authors' conclusion
Using identical diagnostic criteria, this study demonstrates similar incidence proportions of UGIB in the SHI and cardiac surgery cohorts, with approximately half of cases presenting within 3 days.
Study context
- Population
- Adults ≥18 years undergoing SHI or cardiac surgery with same-day transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), JMDC hospital database, April 2014–December 2023
- Participants
- 5,758 vs 32,035
- Exposure
- SHI vs cardiac surgery with same-day TEE
- SHIn = 5,758
- Cardiac surgeryn = 32,035reference
- Outcome
- Incidence proportion of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)
- Follow-up
- Within 3 days postoperatively
Methodological detailsadministrative database
- Administrative database
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
UGIB incidence proportion · within 3 days
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Proportion of UGIB by day 7 presenting within 3 days
Associated factors
- Prolonged anesthesia duration associated with increased upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in both groups
- Additional factors associated with UGIB differed by procedure type
In-hospital mortality, UGIB within 3 days vs no UGIB
- SHI: UGIB vs no UGIB
- 20.0% v 1.3%
- Cardiac surgery: UGIB vs no UGIB
- 8.5% v 4.5%
Original publication
Incidence and Associated Patient Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Transesophageal Echocardiography in Transcatheter Structural Heart Interventions and Cardiac Surgery: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Published 5 January 2026. doi:10.
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