Serial echocardiographic measurements of cardiac output after spinal anesthesia for scheduled cesarean delivery in healthy patients: a prospective observational study
Authors' conclusion
Using crystalloid coload, ephedrine boluses, and oxytocin infusion, cardiac output increased (accompanied with parallel increase in stroke volume) after spinal anesthesia, with highest values immediately after delivery.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy patients with full-term, singleton pregnancy undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia (1000 mL crystalloid coload, rescue ephedrine boluses, oxytocin infusion)
- Participants
- 60 patients
- Outcome
- Serial changes in CO over time after spinal anesthesia (transthoracic echocardiography)
- Follow-up
- Baseline, 10 minutes after intrathecal injection, immediately after delivery, and 1 hour after intrathecal injection
Methodological detailssingle-arm
- Single-arm
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CO
Baseline CO (mean ± SD)
5601 ± 1430 mL/min
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
Stroke volume
- Baseline stroke volume (mean ± SD)
- 61 ± 14.8 mL
- Stroke volume increased over time, lasting for 1 hour after intrathecal injection
Heart rate
- Baseline heart rate (mean ± SD)
- 92 ± 7.8 beats/min
- Heart rate increased after spinal anesthesia and after delivery and returned to near baseline 1 h after intrathecal injection
Original publication
Serial echocardiographic measurements of cardiac output after spinal anesthesia for scheduled cesarean delivery in healthy patients: a prospective observational study. Int J Obstet Anesth. Published 8 August 2025. doi:10.
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