To trial or not to trial before peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain: a retrospective multicenter comparative analysis of temporary-to-permanent and direct-to-permanent implantation approaches
Main finding · Pain reliefResult — go to the resultBetween-group difference 15.24% 95% CI −0.32 to 30.80Authors' conclusion
Although temporary PNS is widely performed prior to permanent PNS implantation, there was no evidence that the TTP approach is associated with superior analgesic outcomes compared with the DTP approach.
Study context
- Population
- Adults who underwent permanent peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) implantation for chronic pain, 2014–2024analysed
- Participants
- 130 adults
- Exposure
- Temporary-to-permanent (TTP) vs direct-to-permanent (DTP)
- TTPn = 54
- DTPn = 76reference
- Outcome
- Dual primary: pain relief and opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents) vs baseline before any PNS therapy
- Follow-up
- 6 months
Methodological detailsmulticenter, seven academic institutions
- Multicenter
- Seven academic institutions
Main finding
Pain relief
Between-group difference
15.24%
95% CI −0.32 to 30.80
P = 0.052
By group
TTP vs DTP
between-group difference 15.24% (95% CI −0.32 to 30.80); P = 0.052
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
mg
| Outcome | TTP | DTP | Mean between-group difference (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in opioid consumption (dual primary) · 6 monthsConsistent after sensitivity analysis | −3.1 (SD 9.9) | −2.1 (SD 8.1) | −1.00 (−4.57 to 2.57) | P = 0.580 | |
| −6−4−2024Difference (linear scale) |
Safety
Device explantation and adverse events
- Comparable between cohorts
Original publication
To trial or not to trial before peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain: a retrospective multicenter comparative analysis of temporary-to-permanent and direct-to-permanent implantation approaches. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Published 13 July 2025. doi:10.
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