Cardiothoracic & vascular anesthesia
Associations Between Early Vasoactive Inotrope Score Trajectories and Clinical Outcomes in Postcardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Main finding · 30-day all-cause mortality after ICU admissionResult — go to the resultAdjusted hazard ratio 2.67 95% CI 1.20–5.97Authors' conclusion
The initial 72-hour VIS trajectory stratifies patients with PCCS into 4 distinct classes, which correlate with different clinical outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital, July 2013–June 2024
- Participants
- 1,654 participants
- Exposure
- Vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) trajectory classes over first 72 h after ICU admission
- Outcome
- 30-day all-cause mortality after ICU admission
- Follow-up
- 30 days
Methodological detailssingle-centre, observational, latent class mixed modeling
- Single-centre
- Observational
- Latent class mixed modeling
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted hazard ratio
2.67
95% CI 1.20–5.97
Class 2 vs class 4
aHR 2.67 (95% CI 1.20–5.97)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Organ dysfunction (AKI, liver biomarkers, SOFA, peripheral perfusion, lactate)
- Class 2 had the most severe organ dysfunction: highest AKI incidence and severity, elevated ALT and total bilirubin, higher SOFA score, persistently impaired peripheral perfusion, delayed lactate normalization
Outcomes by trajectory direction among patients with similar initial VIS
- Increasing trajectories (classes 2 and 3) associated with worse outcomes vs decreasing trajectories (classes 1 and 4)
Original publication
Associations Between Early Vasoactive Inotrope Score Trajectories and Clinical Outcomes in Postcardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Published 1 April 2026. doi:10.
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