Echocardiographic phenotypes in sepsis: identifying subgroups using latent profile analysis
Authors' conclusion
Using an unsupervised clustering analysis, we identified five phenotypes of cardiac function in sepsis based on commonly recorded echocardiographic data: diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular systolic dysfunction with low cardiac index, right ventricular dilation with elevated tricuspid regurgitation gradient, hyperdynamic cardiac function, and normal. The right ventricular dilation group had the highest mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Hospitalised adults with sepsis (sepsis-3) with echocardiogram within 14 days of admission, without preexisting heart disease, single academic centreincluded in the analysis
- Participants
- 2,071 adults
- Exposure
- Echocardiographic phenotypes vs normal cluster
- Outcome
- Echocardiographic phenotypes identified by latent profile analysis
Methodological detailssingle-centre, latent profile analysis
- Single-centre
- Latent profile analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Echocardiographic phenotypes
| Group | Value | E/e' | Ejection fraction | Cardiac index | Right ventricular basal diameter | Tricuspid regurgitation gradient | Left ventricular ejection fraction | Mean cardiac index | Echocardiographic parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1 | mean 24.5 (SD 9.6) | 24.5 (SD 9.6) | |||||||
| Cluster 2 | mean 33.1% (SD 10.6) | 33.1% (SD 10.6) | 2.6 L/min/m² (SD 0.9) | ||||||
| Cluster 3 | 4.5 (SD 0.9) cm | 4.5 cm (SD 0.9) | 60.0 mmHg (SD 13.5) | ||||||
| Cluster 4 | mean 75% (SD 10.9) | 75% (SD10.9) | 6.6 L/min/m² (SD 2.6) | ||||||
| Cluster 5 | normal |
Value
Cluster 1mean 24.5 (SD 9.6)
Cluster 2mean 33.1% (SD 10.6)
Cluster 34.5 (SD 0.9) cm
Cluster 4mean 75% (SD 10.9)
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
E/e'
Cluster 124.5 (SD 9.6)
Cluster 2— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 3— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 4— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Ejection fraction
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 233.1% (SD 10.6)
Cluster 3— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 4— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Cardiac index
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 22.6 L/min/m² (SD 0.9)
Cluster 3— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 4— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Right ventricular basal diameter
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 2— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 34.5 cm (SD 0.9)
Cluster 4— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Tricuspid regurgitation gradient
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 2— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 360.0 mmHg (SD 13.5)
Cluster 4— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 2— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 3— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 475% (SD10.9)
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Mean cardiac index
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 2— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 3— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 46.6 L/min/m² (SD 2.6)
Cluster 5— not stated in the abstract
Echocardiographic parameters
Cluster 1— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 2— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 3— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 4— not stated in the abstract
Cluster 5normal
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Group 3 | Normal | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | 36.9% | 19.6% | 2.3 (1.4–3.9) | P = 0.002 | |
| 0.20.5125Odds ratio (log scale) |
Mortality
- The right ventricular dilation group had the highest mortality
Original publication
Echocardiographic phenotypes in sepsis: identifying subgroups using latent profile analysis. J Intensive Care. Published 11 March 2026. doi:10.
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